Multiple Choice
Identify
the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers
the question.
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1. |
A
football player successfully kicks a field goal through the uprights
situated at the south end of the stadium. What are the directions of
the instantaneous velocity and acceleration, respectively, of the football
at the peak of its trajectory?
a. |
south, south |
d. |
south, up |
b. |
up,
south |
e. |
down,
down |
c. |
south,
down |
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2. |
Which
of the following measurements is a scalar quantity?
a. |
the
tension in an elevator cable |
b. |
the acceleration of a car along a test track |
c. |
the instantaneous velocity of a parachutist
in free fall |
d. |
the
displacement of a hiker from her base station |
e. |
the measured distance between Toronto and
Montreal |
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3. |
A
race car completes exactly 10 laps around an oval track. Which of the
following pairs of quantities concerning its motion would both have
values of zero?
a. |
displacement,
average velocity |
b. |
average speed, average acceleration |
c. |
distance,
average speed |
d. |
average speed, average velocity |
e. |
displacement,
average speed |
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4. |
A
bus drives 40.0 km [E] from town A to town B, then another 30.0 km [S]
to town C in a total time of 1.00 h. What are the values of its average
speed and average velocity, respectively?
a. |
70.0
km/h, 70.0 km/h [37º S of E] |
d. |
50.0
km/h, 70.0 km/h [37º S of E] |
b. |
70.0 km/h, 50.0 km/h [37º S of E] |
e. |
50.0
km/h [37º S of E], 70.0 km/h |
c. |
50.0 km/h, 50.0 km/h [37º S of E] |
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5. |
Which
of the following graphs does NOT depict uniform motion?
a. |
A and B |
d. |
B and D |
b. |
C
only |
e. |
A
and E |
c. |
D
and E |
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6. |
Which
of the following graphs depicts uniform motion?
a. |
A and B |
d. |
B and D |
b. |
C
and D |
e. |
E
only |
c. |
A
and C |
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7. |
The
slope of a position-time graph represents
a. |
displacement |
d. |
acceleration |
b. |
speed |
e. |
distance |
c. |
velocity |
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8. |
The
slope of a line drawn tangent to a curved position-time graph represents
a. |
displacement |
d. |
acceleration |
b. |
instantaneous velocity |
e. |
distance |
c. |
average
velocity |
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9. |
Which
of the following statements concerning motion graphs is NOT correct?
a. |
The
slope of a position-time graph gives velocity. |
b. |
The area under a velocity-time graph gives
displacement. |
c. |
The slope of a velocity-time graph gives
acceleration. |
d. |
The area under an acceleration-time graph
gives velocity. |
e. |
The slope of the tangent in a position-time
graph gives instantaneous velocity. |
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10. |
Which
of the following statements concerning motion graphs is correct?
a. |
The
slope of a position-time graph gives acceleration. |
b. |
The area under an acceleration-time graph
gives instantaneous velocity. |
c. |
The slope of a velocity-time graph gives
displacement. |
d. |
The area under a position-time graph gives
velocity. |
e. |
The area under a velocity-time graph gives
displacement. |
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11. |
The
slope of an acceleration-time graph represents
a. |
change in velocity |
d. |
displacement |
b. |
instantaneous
acceleration |
e. |
instantaneous
velocity |
c. |
jerk |
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12. |
Which
of the following descriptions best represents the acceleration-time
graph of a car that pulls away from a corner when the light turns green,
reaches and maintains a constant velocity, then slows down until it
stops? Assume that all accelerations are uniform.
a. |
All
three sections of the graph are comprised of horizontal lines. |
b. |
Two
sections of the graph are diagonal lines and one is horizontal. |
c. |
Two
sections of the graph are horizontal lines and one is diagonal. |
d. |
All
three sections of the graph are comprised of diagonal lines. |
e. |
All
three sections of the graph are comprised of curved lines. |
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13. |
How
long does it take a car to slow down from a speed of 54 km/h to 32 km/h
over a distance of 65 m? Answer in seconds.
a. |
21 |
d. |
2.7 |
b. |
5.9 |
e. |
1.5 |
c. |
5.4 |
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14. |
A
bullet accelerates uniformly along a barrel, exiting the gun in 24 ms
with a speed of 196 m/s. The acceleration of the bullet, expressed in
units of metre per second squared, is
a. |
1.7
´
105 |
d. |
1.7
´
103 |
b. |
1.8 ´ 104 |
e. |
3.6 ´ 102 |
c. |
8.2
´
103 |
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15. |
A
toy car is moving at 13 cm/s when it begins accelerating at 1.4 cm/s2.
If the acceleration is uniform, what is the speed of the car after it
has travelled a distance of 27 cm?
a. |
2.4
´
102 cm/s |
d. |
16
cm/s |
b. |
93
cm/s |
e. |
1.0
´
101 cm/s |
c. |
62
cm/s |
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16. |
What
distance does an object travel during a period of uniform acceleration
(a = 2.5 m/s2) when its speed changes from 35 m/s
to 45 m/s?
a. |
6.5
´
102 m |
d. |
32
m |
b. |
3.2
´
102 m |
e. |
2.0
m |
c. |
1.6
´
102 m |
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17. |
An
object is travelling due east when it experiences a uniform acceleration
directed north. Its velocity some time later
a. |
must
be directed north |
b. |
could be directed north |
c. |
must
be directed north-east |
d. |
could be directed east when the acceleration
ceases |
e. |
must be directed east when the acceleration
ceases |
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18. |
Ignoring air resistance, which of the following are exhibiting
“free fall”?
a. |
an
object, initially at rest, dropped out of a window |
b. |
an object thrown vertically downward from
a window |
c. |
an
object projected vertically upward from a window |
d. |
an object thrown horizontally from a window |
e. |
all of the above |
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19. |
Three
identical objects are thrown from the same height through a window at
the same time. Object A is thrown horizontally at 4.0 m/s, object B
is thrown horizontally at 8.0 m/s, and object C is simply dropped. If
air resistance is negligible, which object will reach the ground first?
a. |
object
A |
b. |
object
B |
c. |
object
C |
d. |
objects
B and C will land first and together |
e. |
all three will land at the same time |
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20. |
The
free-body diagram of a block being pushed up a rough ramp is best represented
by
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21. |
The
free-body diagram of a car in a skid with its brakes locked up is best
represented by
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22. |
An
object sits at rest on a ramp. Which of the following free-body diagrams
best represents the forces acting on the object?
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23. |
A
24-kg traffic light is suspended from the midpoint of a cable suspended
between two poles. The angle between the cable and the pole is 80° at both poles. The net force acting
on the traffic light has a value of
a. |
zero |
d. |
2.4
´
102 N |
b. |
47
N |
e. |
4.6
´
102 N |
c. |
82
N |
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24. |
An
object has two forces acting on it: 8.4 N [S] and 7.5 N [E]. The magnitude
of the net force is
a. |
1.3
´
102 N |
d. |
4.0
N |
b. |
16
N |
e. |
0.9
N |
c. |
11
N |
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25. |
An
object is pushed horizontally at a constant velocity. What can correctly
be said about the forces acting on the object?
a. |
The force(s) acting forward is/are greater
than the force(s) acting backward. |
b. |
The sum of all forces has a value directed
forward. |
c. |
The sum of all forces is zero. |
d. |
The
forces acting on the object can be said to be “unbalanced.” |
e. |
Newton’s
second law best summarizes the effect of the forces acting on
the object. |
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26. |
Which
of the following is NOT an example of “inertia”?
a. |
A
person’s head jerks back as the car he is riding in accelerates
forward. |
b. |
A
person’s head jerks forward as the car he is riding in suddenly
stops. |
c. |
A
person is pressed up against the car door as the car turns a corner. |
d. |
A
person is largely unaware of a car’s motion when his eyes
are closed. |
e. |
All
of the above are examples of inertia. |
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27. |
An
elevator is moving upward at a constant velocity. What is the relationship
between the gravitational force  acting on the elevator and
the tension  in the cable that supports
the elevator?
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28. |
An
object’s “weight”
a. |
depends on its mass |
b. |
depends
on the gravitational field strength |
c. |
is properly measured in “newtons” |
d. |
is equivalent to the force of gravity acting
on the object |
e. |
all of the above |
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29. |
With
respect to Newton’s third law, the action and reaction
forces
a. |
being
equal, imply a “balanced” force situation |
b. |
act
on different objects |
c. |
are equal provided the object is at rest |
d. |
are
equal provided the object is moving with uniform motion |
e. |
are
equal provided the object is NOT at rest or moving with uniform
motion |
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30. |
According to Newton’s third law, when you walk across a floor,
the force that propels you forward is
a. |
the force applied by your feet on the floor |
b. |
the force of friction of your feet on the
floor |
c. |
the force of the floor applied against your
feet |
d. |
exerted
upward by the floor on your feet (i.e., the normal force) |
e. |
the
force acting on you working against gravity |
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31. |
Two
masses, A and B, hang on opposite ends of a rope suspended over a pulley.
The mass of A is greater than the mass of B. If 
represents the force of tension exerted by the rope on mass A and 
represents the force of tension exerted by the rope on mass B, then
which of the following statements concerning the forces of tension is
true?
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32. |
An
airplane has three gliders in tow behind it (glider 1 in front of glider
2 which is in front of glider 3). If FT1 represents
the force of the airplane on glider 1, FT2 represents
the force of glider 1 on glider 2, and FT3 represents
the force of glider 2 on glider 3, then which of the following statements
correctly represents the relationships among these three forces?
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33. |
Two
masses hang on opposite ends of a rope suspended over a pulley. The
pulley is restrained from rotating and the two forces: 
(the force of tension exerted by the rope on mass A) and 
(the force of tension exerted by the rope on mass B) are found to be
equal in magnitude. If the pulley becomes free to rotate and the system
begins moving, the relationship between those forces becomes
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34. |
Three
masses are suspended vertically as shown in the diagram below. The system
is accelerating upward. What is the relationship among the forces of
tension?
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35. |
An
object sits at rest on a ramp. As the angle of inclination of the ramp
increases, the object suddenly begins to slide. Which of the following
explanations best accounts for the object’s movement?
a. |
The
coefficient of static friction has decreased sufficiently. |
b. |
The
force of gravity acting on the object has increased sufficiently. |
c. |
The
component of gravity along the ramp has increased sufficiently. |
d. |
The
friction has decreased sufficiently while the normal force has
remained unchanged. |
e. |
The
normal force has increased sufficiently. |
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36. |
Streamlining is a technique that designers use to
a. |
increase
turbulent flow and decrease laminar flow |
b. |
increase turbulent flow and increase laminar
flow |
c. |
decrease
turbulent flow and increase laminar flow |
d. |
decrease turbulent flow and decrease laminar
flow |
e. |
stop
turbulent flow and stop laminar flow |
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37. |
Which
of the following does NOT utilize Bernoulli’s principle?
a. |
the
lift force achieved by an airplane wing |
b. |
the motion of a curve ball |
c. |
the
“spoiler” on the rear of an automobile |
d. |
a
Venturi “flowmeter” |
e. |
All of the above utilize Bernoulli’s
principle. |
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38. |
Which
of the following would be considered an “inertial” frame of
reference?
a. |
a
moving escalator |
b. |
a car moving through a turn at a constant
speed |
c. |
an object in “free fall” |
d. |
a
car pulling away as a traffic light turns green |
e. |
all of the above |
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39. |
Which
of the following frames of reference (inertial or noninertial) should
NOT be grouped with the rest?
a. |
a
satellite in Earth’s orbit |
b. |
a child on a merry-go-round |
c. |
a
parachutist in “free fall” |
d. |
a person standing on a moving escalator |
e. |
a baseball as it is being hit by a bat |
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40. |
Imagine that you are travelling in a train and you have a drink
sitting on the dining table in front of you. The train suddenly stops
and the drink ends up in your lap. What force acting on the drink is
responsible for its sudden motion?
a. |
the
force of the table acting on the drink |
b. |
the force of the track on the wheels |
c. |
the
force of the wheels on the track |
d. |
the force of the drink on itself |
e. |
There
is no force acting on the drink that is responsible for its motion. |
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41. |
The
law of inertia holds
a. |
only for inertial frames of reference |
b. |
only
for noninertial frames of reference |
c. |
for all frames of reference, both inertial
and noninertial |
d. |
only in a gravitational field |
e. |
only
for objects travelling with uniform motion |
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42. |
The
acceleration of an object sliding along a frictionless ramp that is
inclined at an angle q
is
a. |
g
cosq |
d. |
g |
b. |
g sinq |
e. |
zero |
c. |
g tanq |
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43. |
A
1.8-kg object is pulled along the floor with a force of 7.0 N acting
horizontally. If the object accelerates at 2.4 m/s2, how
much kinetic friction is acting?
a. |
30
N |
d. |
7.8
N |
b. |
11
N |
e. |
2.7
N |
c. |
8.3
N |
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44. |
A
1.4-kg object is pulled horizontally along the floor against 3.2 N of
kinetic friction. If the object accelerates at 5.8 m/s2,
what is the value of the applied force?
a. |
26
N |
d. |
6.4
N |
b. |
11
N |
e. |
4.9
N |
c. |
10
N |
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45. |
For
an object travelling with “uniform circular motion,” its acceleration
is
a. |
zero
because the speed is constant |
b. |
directed tangent to the circle |
c. |
directed
toward the centre of the circle |
d. |
changing in magnitude depending on its position
in the circle |
e. |
directed outward from the centre of the
circle |
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46. |
A
child whirls a ball around in circles on the end of a 48 cm long string
at a frequency of 2.5 Hz. What is the ball’s centripetal acceleration?
a. |
1.2 ´ 104 m/s2 |
d. |
38 m/s2 |
b. |
1.2
´
102 m/s2 |
e. |
3.0
m/s2 |
c. |
47 m/s2 |
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47. |
A
fighter jet flies at 328 km/h in an arc of radius 235 m. How many “g’s”
of centripetal acceleration does the pilot experience? (1g =
9.8 m/s2)
a. |
47 |
d. |
3.6 |
b. |
35 |
e. |
1.5 |
c. |
3.8 |
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48. |
A
car drives around a corner in a radius of 16 m. Passengers experience
a centripetal acceleration of 4.9 m/s2. What is the car’s
speed expressed in kilometres per hour?
a. |
42 |
d. |
12 |
b. |
32 |
e. |
2 |
c. |
22 |
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49. |
A
wheel of diameter 85 cm spins at a rate such that a point on the rim
of the wheel has an acceleration of 45 m/s2. How many rotations
does the wheel make in 1.0 min?
a. |
1.7
´
102 |
d. |
6.9 |
b. |
98 |
e. |
0.93 |
c. |
69 |
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50. |
A
rock is tied to the end of a string and whirled around in a circle that
describes a vertical plane. At which position is the tension in the
string the least?
a. |
at
the bottom of the circle |
b. |
at the top of the circle |
c. |
on
the ascending side of the circle |
d. |
on the descending side of the circle |
e. |
The
tension in the string is the same at all places on the circle. |
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51. |
Two
identical masses, A and B, are each tied to the ends of strings A and
B, respectively, and whirled around in circles that are both oriented
horizontally. The length of string A is twice that of string B. For
the tension in the strings to be the same, the ratio of the speeds of
the masses (vA:vB) must be
a. |
1.4:1 |
d. |
1:2 |
b. |
1:1.4 |
e. |
1:1 |
c. |
2:1 |
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52. |
A
1.0-kg and a 2.0-kg mass are each tied to the ends of identical strings
and whirled around in circles that describe a horizontal plane. The
larger mass moves with a speed of 3.2 m/s. For the tension in the two
strings to be the same, the smaller mass must be moving with a speed
of
a. |
6.4
m/s |
d. |
2.3
m/s |
b. |
4.5
m/s |
e. |
1.6
m/s |
c. |
3.2
m/s |
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53. |
For
objects travelling with uniform circular motion, the centrifugal force
they experience
a. |
is
radially outward |
b. |
is apparently present in the noninertial
frame of reference |
c. |
increases with speed |
d. |
doesn’t
actually exist |
e. |
all of the above |
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54. |
The
acceleration due to gravity on the surface of a planet having twice
the Earth’s mass and twice its radius would be
a. |
39.2 m/s2 |
d. |
4.9 m/s2 |
b. |
19.6
m/s2 |
e. |
2.45
m/s2 |
c. |
9.8 m/s2 |
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55. |
Planet X has a mass 8 times that of Earth and the acceleration
due to gravity at its surface is 19.6 m/s2. The radius of
planet X compared to Earth is
a. |
16
times |
d. |
2
times |
b. |
8 times |
e. |
the same |
c. |
4
times |
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56. |
With
all other things being equal, had the value of the universal gravitational
constant been twice its present value, your weight would be
a. |
four times as great |
d. |
one-half as great |
b. |
two
times as great |
e. |
one-quarter
as great |
c. |
the same |
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57. |
The
person responsible for determining the value of the universal gravitational
constant is
a. |
Galileo
Galilei |
d. |
Henry
Cavendish |
b. |
Isaac Newton |
e. |
Albert Einstein |
c. |
William
Herschel |
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58. |
The
orbital radius of a satellite circling the Earth
a. |
depends only on its orbital speed |
b. |
depends
only on its mass |
c. |
depends on both its orbital speed and its
mass |
d. |
is
the same for all satellites |
e. |
is directly proportional to its orbital
speed |
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59. |
The
orbital speed of a satellite at an altitude equivalent to Earth’s
radius (rE = 6.38 ´
106 m) is (mE = 5.98 ´ 1024 kg, G = 6.67 ´
10–11 N·m2/kg2)
a. |
9.8
´
103 m/s |
d. |
4.9
´
103 m/s |
b. |
7.9
´
103 m/s |
e. |
2.5
´
103 m/s |
c. |
5.6
´
103 m/s |
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60. |
The
relationship between the gravitational force of attraction, FG,
of two objects on one another and their separation distance r
is best illustrated by which of the following graphs?
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Completion
Complete each sentence
or statement.
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61. |
The
slope of a velocity-time graph represents the ____________________,
whereas the area under the same graph represents the ____________________.
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62. |
A
car accelerates uniformly for 8.0 s. The car’s instantaneous velocity
after a time of ____________________ is equivalent to its average velocity
over the entire interval.
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63. |
The
locations where the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of Earth
is greatest and least, respectively are ____________________ and ____________________.
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64. |
An
object is thrown vertically upward. At the top of its flight, when its
velocity is momentarily zero, the value of its instantaneous acceleration
is ____________________.
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65. |
Two
aspects that remain constant for the motion of all projectiles are the
______________________________ and ______________________________.
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66. |
Standing on a moving subway car, people are seen to move from side
to side slightly as the car rolls along the track. This movement is
best explained by Newton’s ___________________ laws.
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67. |
For
an object at rest on a ramp, the force of kinetic friction ____________________
as the angle of inclination decreases.
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68. |
In
noninertial frames of reference, ____________________ forces are often
invented to try to account for observations.
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69. |
For
an object travelling with uniform circular motion, the direction of
its acceleration at any point is ______________________________.
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70. |
For
an object travelling with uniform circular motion, the direction of
its instantaneous velocity at any point is _________________________.
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71. |
A
rock is tied to the end of a string and whirled around in a circle that
describes a vertical plane. The position of the stone when the tension
in the string is the greatest is ______________________________. The
position of the stone when the tension in the string is the least is
______________________________.
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| |
72. |
For
a planet orbiting the Sun, the centripetal force is supplied by ____________________.
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| |
73. |
The
physicist ____________________ was responsible for the theory of universal
gravitation, but it was ____________________ who determined the value
of the universal gravitational constant.
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| |
74. |
If
Earth’s radius and mass were both twice their present values, the
acceleration due to gravity at Earth’s surface would have a value
of ____________________.
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| |
75. |
The
speed of a satellite in orbit is determined by the ____________________
of the orbit.
|
Matching
|
|
|
Match the calculation with the quantity it determines.
a. |
velocity |
d. |
displacement |
b. |
acceleration |
e. |
change in velocity |
c. |
jerk |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
76. |
the
slope of a velocity-time graph
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| |
77. |
the
slope of an acceleration-time graph
|
| |
78. |
the
slope of a position-time graph
|
| |
79. |
the
area under an acceleration-time graph
|
| |
80. |
the
area under a velocity-time graph
|
|
|
A
plane’s destination is due west of its departure point. Match the
direction in which the wind is blowing to heading the plane could have
to reach its destination.
a. |
wind
blowing south-west |
c. |
wind
blowing east |
b. |
wind
blowing north |
d. |
wind
blowing south-east |
|
|
|
|
|
| |
81. |
plane
heading west
|
| |
82. |
plane
heading south-west
|
| |
83. |
plane
heading north-west
|
| |
84. |
plane
heading north
|
|
|
Three stones are thrown from a cliff with the same speed but
at different angles of elevation above the horizontal. Match the angle
of elevation with the relative horizontal range for the stone.
a. |
maximum
range |
b. |
minimum |
c. |
moderate
range |
|
|
|
| |
85. |
0°
|
| |
86. |
15°
|
| |
87. |
30°
|
|
|
Match the situations described below with the Newton’s
law that best accounts for the motion.
a. |
Astronauts feel pushed back into their seats
during launch. |
b. |
The force an astronaut exerts on his seat
is equal in strength and opposite in direction to the force the
seat exerts on the astronaut. |
c. |
The
force exerted by the rocket engine overcomes the forces of gravity
and air resistance, resulting in an upward acceleration of the
rocket. |
|
|
|
| |
88. |
Newton’s first law
|
| |
89. |
Newton’s second law
|
| |
90. |
Newton’s third law
|
Short Answer
|
| |
91. |
Under
what condition is an object’s average velocity for a trip zero?
|
| |
92. |
Consider the quantities displacement, velocity, change in velocity,
acceleration, and jerk. Describe how these quantities can be determined
from position-time graphs, velocity-time graphs, and acceleration-time
graphs.
|
| |
93. |
With
the aid of a position-time graph that illustrates uniform acceleration
and making appropriate constructions, show that the average velocity
over the entire interval is equivalent to the instantaneous velocity
at the midpoint of the interval.
|
| |
94. |
What
is meant by the term terminal speed? Provide some examples to
illustrate the difference in the terminal speeds of various objects.
|
| |
95. |
In
what sense could one argue that Newton wasn’t responsible for Newton’s
first law?
|
| |
96. |
A
locomotive pulls a series of train cars. Show that the force in each
coupling between the cars decreases steadily from the front of the train
to the rear.
|
| |
97. |
The
graph below shows the relationship between the force applied to an object
initially at rest and its acceleration. Why does the graph not pass
through the origin?
|
| |
98. |
Differentiate between laminar flow and turbulent
flow.
|
| |
99. |
Provide an example of a practical application of Bernoulli’s
principle.
|
| |
100. |
Discuss how Bernoulli’s principle is central to the design
of an airplane wing.
|
| |
101. |
Give
an example of where one might be tempted to use a fictitious force to
explain an observation within a noninertial frame of reference. Provide
the real explanation for its motion.
|
| |
102. |
Why
does the centripetal force not appear on any free-body diagrams.
|
| |
103. |
Why
are curves in roadways often banked?
|
| |
104. |
Why
do roller coasters use clothoid loops instead of circular loops?
|
| |
105. |
Describe how “artificial” gravity can be produced on
board an orbiting space station. Discuss the physics of the situation.
|